AQA A Level Sociology Families and the Household Practice Test

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• Which description best matches radical feminism's view on patriarchy?
• In Parsons\' framework, primary socialisation refers to which process?
• In Bouton's analysis, men's involvement in childcare is best described as:
• In the 2000s, about what percentage of couples were cohabiting before marriage?
• According to Edgell's study, who has final say on important decisions like moving house or taking out loans?
• According to Marxist feminist theory, who primarily benefits from unpaid domestic labour?
• Which region tends to have more extended families?
• What does the term 'kippers' describe?
• Which option reflects a key feature distinguishing domestic labour from paid employment?
• Which term describes a multigenerational family in which each generation has one or very few members?
• The New Right's view on family structure emphasizes which of the following?
• Patriarchy is best defined as
• What did Harkness (2005) find about working mothers with children in relation to housework?
• What was a Conservative policy aim in the 1980s-1990s?
• Which two main functions did Parsons identify for the family?
• What is Zaretsky's view of the family in relation to oppression?
• According to Bouton's view on the domestic division of labour, surveys often misrepresent how much childcare men actually do. Which statement best captures her stance?
• Radical feminists see domestic labour as primarily benefiting whom?
• What is the purpose of direct material support policies for families, such as cash benefits and child benefit?
• Which statement describes mobility in traditional extended families?
• Taylor-Gooby (2005) reported a specific percentage regarding stay-at-home attitudes. What was the figure for women staying at home with children under school age?
• Which statement best defines the division of labour?
• Which term would best describe a family network that remains connected but where members live apart?
• Which term describes a same-sex couple raising children?
• Beck-Gernstein (1995) identifies rising divorce rates as due to what?
• What does the term clipped wing generation refer to?
• Which arrangement describes the Kibbutz approach to child-rearing compared with the traditional family?
• Which policy established the Child Support Agency to ensure absent fathers paid maintenance?
• Which concept describes the idea of choosing among different family arrangements rather than sticking to a single traditional form?
• Which concept describes the state's ability to exert social control over citizens?
• Which term refers to a family in which a single couple and their dependent children are the central unit, as opposed to extended kin?
• Before the Divorce Reform Act, what was required to obtain a divorce?
• What term describes a family where one parent lives with their children?
• Which statement best defines family ideology?
• Beck-Gernsheim (2002) describes the growing individualization of contemporary life as leading to what?
• Which statement best describes domestic labour in relation to paid employment?
• Which term describes a group of people related through kinship, including adoption, with cohabiting couples now included?
• What is a defining feature of communes?
• Which trend describes changes in families, including higher divorce rates and greater cohabitation?
• Levin's description of LATs presents them as what?
• Which term describes a person or group living in the same residence?
• Which term refers to the sharing of a home by an unmarried couple?
• Which party enacted the civil partnership act in 2005?
• What does the 'individualisation' thesis assert?
• What did Labour policy emphasise regarding children?
• Which phenomenon describes public concern driven by sensational media coverage about perceived threats?
• Which areas have feminist perspectives highlighted as important to studying the family?
• What does Levin suggest LATs allow couples to do?
• The term 'classic extended family' is often associated with which generational pattern?
• Which statement best captures Radical feminism's focus?
• Overall, what do these studies collectively suggest about gender equality in families and workplaces?
• Which statement best describes the explanation for problems facing boys in lone-parent households?
• Polygyny refers to which of the following?
• Why is the cereal packet stereotype misleading?
• The text notes that thirty years later this pattern seems to:
• What term refers to the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple?
• Which term describes the combination of paid work, unpaid domestic labour, and emotion work?
• What does Bouton claim about the impact on women's lives when they take primary responsibility for children?
• What is Greer's argument about relationships between men and women in contemporary society?
• According to Berthoud (2001), what is true about South Asian families in the UK?
• What does the warm bath theory (Parsons) propose about the family?
• What did the Family Law Act 1996 introduce?
• Personality stabilisation in the family refers to which of the following?
• What term describes a same-sex couple living together with children?
• Why is the modified extended family growing?
• What does Foucault's concept of surveillance describe?
• Which concept refers to individuals accepting norms of behaviour as their own because they believe it serves their best interests to do so?
• The term 'sexual division of labour' refers to what in the family?
• Beck's risk society suggests that loyalty and commitment demanded by social norms are
• What is the sense of unity in stepfamilies, according to Allan et al., in comparison with two-parent families?
• Marxists argue about the family's function: which statement best aligns with their view?
• Which term describes family members who don’t live together but maintain close ties?
• Elston and Rapoport’s studies suggested which of the following about professional wives?
• What did Silver (1987) argue about the commercialisation of housework?
• Delphy and Leonard describe emotional work as concerned with what?
• Which area has the highest proportion of people aged 65 and over?
• In Henderson et al.'s framing, what behavior characterizes self-surveillance in parenting?
• In Marxist feminist theory, what does social control of the working class do?
• What is a potential consequence for women's employment when they take primary childcare responsibility?
• What does the term 'sexual division of labour' describe?
• A criticism Bouton raises about surveys is that they tend to overstate:
• According to Marxist and feminist perspectives, self-surveillance in the family is?
• Which statement best captures Edgell's 1980 finding on women's decision-making within households?
• Since 1971, the proportion of lone-parent families in Britain has
• Gershuny’s 1994 finding about jobs and housework can be summarized as:
• How does self-surveillance contribute to the family functioning as a social control mechanism?
• According to Allan et al., the sense of unity in stepfamilies is:
• According to Bouton, how do men participate in childcare?
• Which region has the highest proportion of poverty and lone-parent families?
• Which term describes a family consisting of one parent living with one or more of their children?
• Difference feminism claims that their understanding of women’s experiences is:
• Self-surveillance and social control: which statement is true?
• What is a typical Marxist feminist claim about the family?
• Which statement best describes traditional working class communities' family structure?
• When does a civil partnership exist?
• Regarding survey data on family tasks, Bouton suggests:
• The Legal & General 2013 Value of a Parent survey found women with children spend on average how many hours per week on chores and childcare?
• Which term describes a family in which both partners have careers outside the home?
• How is the divorce rate defined in the material?
• According to Marxist theory, the family reproduces unequal relationships by doing what?
• According to Parsons, without primary socialisation into shared norms and values, what would be the fate of society?
• Which statement represents a common criticism of Murdock's functionalist view of the family?
• What is a common criticism of Liberal Feminism?
• Which theory posits that all aspects of society serve a purpose and are indispensable for its long-term survival?
• Which statement best describes the privatised nuclear family?
• Pahl (2008) argued there is growing individualisation in finances within the family. What arrangement among partners is associated with greater equality?
• Which policy related to marriage equality was enacted by the coalition?
• In the adaptation of Foucault's surveillance to family life, what role does mothers' self-surveillance play in forming parenting norms?
• Which factor contributes to delayed or reduced childbearing?
• What are families of choice?
• Which statement best captures Oakley’s position on jointness in the symmetrical family?
• Which term is used for an extended family with three or more generations sharing the same household?
• How is secularisation defined in the material?
• Which statement best captures Levin's view of the life course?
• Bouton's view implies that childcare division remains largely:
• The 2011 Social Issues Research Centre survey The Changing Face of Motherhood found what about mothers who work?
• How many couples in Britain were estimated to be in LATs according to Haskey (2005)?
• What do New Right and conservatives blame lone parent families for?
• What is the most common form of family in Britain?
• Which statement about Giddens' view of love is true?
• What is a common criticism of the functionalist view of the family?
• Chambers (2012) argues not all components of tradition have declined; what else does he claim?
• What is a common criticism of difference feminism?
• Ballard's portrayal of South Asian families emphasizes which pattern?
• What do liberal feminists advocate regarding women's position in the family and society?
• To undermine gender equality and women's independence, according to Silva, is an aim of attacks on lone mothers?
• Which claim would a postmodernist most likely endorse?
• In Marxist feminist theory, what does 'social control of the working class' refer to?
• Which statement describes the modified extended family?
• What does the term self-surveillance refer to in sociological discussions of the family?
• What enables women to bear children without a male partner?
• How is the underclass defined in the material?
• What do Marxist feminists emphasize about women's double exploitation?
• Which term describes a family in which both spouses have careers outside the home?
• How is the underclass described in the material?
• Gatrell (2004) found hidden discrimination where women were labelled 'jelly heads' and faced downgrading, especially when requesting flexible hours. What does this imply?
• According to Beck (1992), what term describes a society where individuals are constantly facing risks and are less controlled by traditional structures like the family?
• Which statement best captures Labour policy shift on family forms?
• Marxists argue about the nuclear family: it is what in relation to function?
• What does LATs stand for in family sociology?
• In 2014, what percentage of dependent children lived in lone-parent families?
• Which statement aligns with radical feminist analysis of patriarchy?
• Which term describes a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who may live nearby or in one household?
• Taylor-Gooby (2005) found that public attitudes show a high degree of equality in paid work but not in family life. Which belief persisted?
• According to Pahl (2008), keeping money separate within a relationship is associated with what level of equality?
• Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (1995) describe love in an individualised world as...
• What does segregated conjugal roles mean?
• Which term describes a legally recognised relationship between two people that is equivalent to marriage after registration?
• Which year had the highest number of divorces according to the data?
• In 2010-2015 coalition policy, which statement reflects the stance on marriage?
• Which theory argues that family structures exist because they meet the needs of society?
• Which term refers to marriage to several people at the same time?
• The Nayar social arrangement is characterized by?
• What is a key claim of postmodernism regarding family norms?
• Which term describes a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father)?
• Which age group has the highest divorce rate?
• According to Berthoud, South Asian families are characterized by larger families with multiple generations. Which option reflects this?
• The same survey valued the time at about how much per week?
• What do foster care and children's homes demonstrate about rearing?
• Which criticism claims that functionalist analyses fail to consider the harmful effects of the family?
• Why are most lone-parent families headed by women?
• Which theorists are associated with the concept of individualisation in the material?
• Data on births outside marriage regarding living arrangements imply what?
• The cereal packet family is described as common among which groups?
• Which statement best describes how kinship ties are maintained in a modified extended family?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the two main types of social policies aimed at families?
• Which term refers to a couple and their dependent children as a basic social unit?
• In the Bright Grey/Opinium 2011 survey on decision making, what percentage of working women were mainly responsible for the household's financial decisions?
• Which term describes a family where mothers head the household and fathers play a less central role?
• In Charles' analysis, which pattern is most characteristic of the working class?
• The claim that 'the pattern seems still to be the case thirty years later' most directly supports which assertion?
• In 2010, approximately what fraction of adults were cohabiting?
• Which of the following is one of Murdock's four functional purposes of the family?
• Engels' argument about the family includes which of the following?
• Parsons argued that the family uniquely provides which element essential to primary socialisation?
• Which social class has a higher divorce rate according to the material?
• What does Judith Stacey emphasize about women's capacity in shaping family life?
• Which term is defined as a group of people related by kinship, including adoption, with cohabiting couples included?
• What is moral panic?
• Which statement best defines primary socialization?
• Which term refers to marriage to only one person at a time?
• What does it mean that surveillance is internalised in Foucault's framework?
• Effects of housework and childcare on women's careers: which statement best describes the impact?
• Which term refers to a family formed when a previous family breaks up and is reassembled by marriage or cohabitation?
• Engels argued that the monogamous nuclear family developed for what purpose?
• What did Allan et al. (2011) find about stepfamilies?
• Why do a lot more divorced men remarry than women?
• Which term describes a family arrangement where authority and household tasks are shared between male and female partners?
• Which statement aligns with postmodernist views on norms and family forms?
• Why are women in the labour force sometimes viewed as unreliable by employers?
• In this material, what do conjugal roles refer to?
• Which statement is a criticism of the functionalist view of the family?
• Beck-Gernsheim (2002) cites advances in modern medicine, such as contraception, as enabling what?
• What is the feminist view of housework in terms of pay and recognition?
• Which viewpoint blames the generosity of the welfare state for the growth of lone parenthood?
• In the context of the domestic division of labour, what is the overall implication of Bouton's argument?
• In the Nayar system, who is primarily responsible for caring for the mother and children?
• Which term describes a more privatised nuclear family pattern?
• What describes a family of choice?
• Which trend describes changes in child bearing?
• Which term refers to parents living at home together after their adult children have moved out?
• How has the decline of the close-knit extended family affected equality in the family?
• According to Hirsch (2014), estimated cost of raising a child to 18 is approximately how much?
• Which policy was a feature of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition's family policy?
• Polyandry is defined as which of the following?
• What does Silva (1996) argue about media-fuelled concerns over lone mothers?
• What emotion is commonly associated with failing to meet self-imposed parenting standards?
• Parsons described the family as central to the primary socialisation process, shaping what?
• What did Oakley (1974) argue about Young and Willmott’s evidence for ‘jointness’ in The Symmetrical Family?
• Classic extended families are usually found in which communities?
• A dependency culture is best described as a set of values centered on dependence on what?
• The family unit is often described as which of the following in sociology?
• What trend in cohabitation is described as marriage rates decline?
• Smart (2007) argues that the individualisation thesis does what?
• Unstable employment in the workplace is explained by two reasons. One is additional caring responsibilities. What is the other?
• In an arranged marriage, who typically selects the marriage partner?
• The 1997 Office for National Statistics valued domestic labour at market rates would be approximately?
• Why might there be divisions in a step-family?
• Beck-Gernsheim (2002) argues that...
• Gershuny (1994) found what effect as wives moved into paid employment?
• Which of the following is NOT cited as a reason for the growth in single-person households?
• What does the motherhood penalty refer to in Pahl's analysis?
• The discussion centers on which concept?
• What ratio is stated for divorces to marriages?
• Duncombe and Marsden describe the 'triple shift' as the arrangement where a woman is expected to engage in what?
• Lane, Spencer and McCready (2012) found that the classic extended family was most commonly found among which communities?
• Which factor is cited as contributing to more lone-parent families?
• One criticism of Marxist theory is that it is deterministic. Which option correctly states this critique?
• What best defines a civil partnership?
• What do radical feminists say about the family and relationships with men?
• Which term describes an individual living alone?
• Judith Stacey (1996) argues that...
• How many marriages now involve a remarriage for one or both partners?
• Which statement best describes confluent love?
• A 2009 Vileda survey reported which attitudes and behaviors about housework among British men?
• What do Lyotard (1984) and Baudrillard (2001) believe about contemporary society?
• Which of the following best defines domestic labour?
• What is the approximate hourly value of unpaid domestic labour according to the 2013 survey?
• Which statement accurately describes the core claim of the individualisation thesis?
• Which option best defines the term 'domestic division of labour' in sociological terms?
• Which of the following is listed as a meaning of cohabitation?
• 2011 births outside marriage were registered jointly by the parents in nearly what proportion?
• Births registered by both parents: what does this suggest about the parents?
• What characterizes integrated conjugal roles?
• How many lone parents are teenagers?
• In an arranged marriage, who typically makes the choice of marriage partner?
• What does Giddens (1993) say about intimate relationships?
• Which policy tools are cited as helping parents balance the demands of paid employment and family life?
• Which groups are more likely to split?
• The beanpole family is increasing because of which combination of factors?
• Which concern reflects New Right views about families?
• Which factor does Levin attribute to the growth of LATs?
• What is the functionalist view of self-surveillance?
• Teen marriages are how likely to end in divorce?
• What percentage of households contained a married/civil partnership or cohabiting with dependent children?
• In 2013, what percentage of births in England and Wales occurred outside marriage or civil partnership?
• According to the 1997 Office for National Statistics data, how do the daily hours spent by women on domestic tasks compare with men?
• What percentage of all households are described as the cereal packet ideology (working father, home-based mother caring for two small children)?
• What is meant by the social reproduction of labour power?
• What did Oakley (1974) say about the housewife's role?
• The idea of a 'pick and mix' family arrangement is not the norm because most people prefer stability. What is this statement illustrating?
• The phrase 'the main responsibility for children' refers to:
• Which description best captures the expressive role in the family?
• Which scholar argued that relationships and family life are so diverse that there are no longer any clear norms about what a modern relationship should consist of?
• Which term describes a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother)?
• Serial monogamy is best described as which of the following?
• According to Berthoud, what proportion of black children live with two parents?
• The term for the nurturing, caring and emotional role in a traditional family is:
• Which policy encouraged marriage during the 2010-2015 coalition government?
• Which factor best describes reasons LATs have gained social acceptability?
• Which of the following is a common criticism of the Marxist perspective on the family?
• Which topics have feminist approaches contributed to studying the family?
• What do liberal feminists propose to improve women's position regarding housework and choices between motherhood and work?
• The idea that women may sacrifice aspects of life like paid employment suggests that gender roles are:
• What term describes the traditional image of the nuclear family presented through the media with clearly defined male and female roles?
• Which term specifically denotes a family structure where authority is concentrated in the eldest male, with traditional gender roles often associated?
• Which Labour policy specifically targeted helping lone parent families move from welfare to work?
• In which family type is authority typically distributed between partners rather than concentrated in one parent?
• In Bouton's position, who bears the main responsibility for children?
• Name some reasons for the increase of divorce rates?
• Gatrell et al (2011) argue that employer views on mothers are outdated due to increased involvement in childcare and more men seeking flexibility. Which option best describes this?
• What is distinctive about the kibbutz?
• How many births are to parents who are neither married nor cohabitating?
• According to Althusser, the family is an ideological state apparatus. What is its role?
• Foucault's concept of surveillance involves which idea?