Which theory argues that family structures exist because they meet the needs of society?

• A. Functionalism
• B. Marxism
• C. Feminism
• D. Symbolic Interactionism

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is that social structures like the family exist because they perform functions that help society operate. Functionalism argues that families meet essential needs of society—such as socialising children into shared norms and values, stabilising adults, providing emotional and economic support, and regulating reproduction. By fulfilling these roles, the family contributes to social order and cohesion, which is why this theory treats family structures as existing to meet societal needs.

Other theories offer different angles: Marxism focuses on how the family might reproduce and reinforce the capitalist system; feminism highlights gender inequality and power within the family; and Symbolic Interactionism looks at the meanings and daily interactions within families. But when the question is about meeting the needs of society as a whole, functionalism is the best fit.