What enables women to bear children without a male partner?

• A. Reproductive technology such as IVF and surrogacy
• B. Adoption programs
• C. Single parenting benefits
• D. Paternity tests

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that modern reproductive technologies can make pregnancy possible without a male partner. IVF allows eggs to be fertilized with sperm in a lab, using sperm from a donor if needed, and then implanted to achieve pregnancy. Surrogacy goes a step further by having a surrogate carry the pregnancy, again often using the woman’s eggs with donor sperm or donor eggs. Together, these options let a woman bear a child without a male partner.

Adoption involves raising a child who is not biologically conceived by the woman, so it doesn’t enable bearing. Paternity tests determine biological fatherhood after birth and don’t enable pregnancy. Single parenting benefits are about social support, not the process of bearing a child.