What does it mean that surveillance is internalised in Foucault's framework?

• A. People come to accept the norms of behaviour as their own and follow them because they believe it to be in their best interests to do so
• B. The state physically forces compliance
• C. Behavior is random
• D. People ignore norms

Answer: (A)

Internalisation means the power to watch becomes part of how you think and regulate yourself. In Foucault’s idea, the possibility of being watched leads people to adopt social norms as their own and to act as if those norms are in their best interests. That self-surveillance produces consistent behavior without anyone needing to coerce you at every moment. The statement reflects this: individuals accept and follow norms because they see fitting in and avoiding sanctions as beneficial, not because they’re directly compelled by force. This isn’t about random behavior or about ignoring norms; it’s about norms becoming part of one’s own reasoning and self-discipline.